Ontology, Epistemology, Axiology of the Primary Science Study


Papers

Submitted to Complete the Assignment of Primary Education Philosophy
Prof. Dr. Marsigit, M. A.



        
by
Ratna Hidayah
NIM : 196261007

  

DOCTORAL PROGRAM OF PRIMARY EDUCATION
POST GRADUATE SCHOOL
YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY
2019



INTRODUCTION


Education requires philosophy to achieve its expected goals. There are some influential schools that affect education in Indonesia, including science education. Science can be seen as a body of knowledge, a way of thinking, and investigation.  (Carin, 1989) Stated that science holds three main elements: (a) Process, it refers to a means to investigate problems, observe, formulate problems, design and conduct experiment, evaluate data, and conduct measurement; (b) Product, it involves fact, principle, law, and theory; (c) Attitude, it refers to belief, values, and opinion. According to Koballa and Chiapetta (Chiappetta, 2010), The essence of natural science can be categorized into four, namely (a) science as a process, (b) science as attitude, (c) science as a product,  and (d) science implementation in technology. Natural science can be defined as (a) a set activity of systematically collecting information about the surrounding environment, (b) a knowledge gained from certain activities, and (c)the scientists’ values and attitude in applying scientific process to obtain knowledge (Bundu, 2006) Thus, Science, in general, has three main components, namely scientific process, scientific product, and scientific attitude.
Essentially, natural science refers to a branch of knowledge studying the object and natural phenomena holistically through observation and experiment based on elements of scientific attitude, scientific process, product, and implementation of knowledge in daily life. Science should also be systematic, meaning that it stays within a system, does not stand alone, and is associated with others, and explain one another as a unity (Samatowa 2006). 
Natural Science is closely related to natural objects. The characteristic of natural problems is holistic. That holistic requires interdisciplinary problem resolution, especially natural science. Natural Science can be used as a means of understanding nature and training students’ critical and systematic thinking in solving problems relating to object of Natural Science.  Natural Science consists of physics, chemistry, and biology. Phenomena occurring in Natural Science objects are a collection of complete concepts. Thus, Natural Science should be taught holistically so that the students obtain holistic thinking. Holistic thinking can be used as students' life skills for resolving various life problems. Integrated Natural Science learning is not only associated with content (physics, chemistry, biology) but also with components (scientific process, product, and attitude). However, the fact shows that some parties had not understood the perspective of holistically integrating Natural Science learning. Philosophically, Natural Science education can be studied from ontology, epistemology, and axiology perspective. Accordingly, it is necessary to conduct primary science study from the philosophical perspective of ontology, epistemology, and axiology.
1.     What is the study of Ontology on Science?
2.     What is the study of epistemology on science?
3.     What is the study of axiology on science?

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